Crap - I forgot about all those test points. Regardless, that transistor blew up because it was dissipating too much heat, which makes it likely that the transistor itself was shorted. The fact that the player was working up until the moment of death is a good omen, as is the lack of scorch marks. I'm wondering if the initial black out was caused by the auto-resetting fuse cutting out, but not until the transistor had got nice and hot, and then after the fuse reset itself the transistor then blew before the fuse could cut out again.

First action definitely has to be to reseat that spring and make sure it doesn't come loose again. Second action has to be the cheap one - replace that transistor and see whether the rest of the player is good.