I had to delete and reinstall the VirtualBox program before it would let me get to the part about "...click the little button that looks like a CD with a "+" on it...", everything was pretty much greyed out before I reinstalled.
You missed the part in his instructions that said
"with the VM stopped".
That's why those things were grayed out... the VM was still running, you can't change the hardware settings with the VM running. You didn't need to reinstall VirtualBox, you just needed to stop the virtual machine. It's the virtual equivalent of turning off the computer before you crack open the case to add new hardware.