I wasn't entirely sure either, I checked it in Openoffice, not Excel
Can a formula append text to the contents of its own cell? Would that not introduce a circular reference?
It seems to me that an additional column is needed, say in F12, with something like:
=if(right(c12,2)="ar",concatenate(e12,"áste"),if(right(c12,2)="er",concatenate(e12,"íste"),if(right(c12,2)="ir",concatenate(e12,"íste"),e12)))
Then you could hide column E.
My Excel is very rusty though, so there may be a much better solution.
Edit: a better solution like a VBA macro, but my knowledge of those is even more rusty!