Note that the system looks like it should be working fine, according to the stuff you posted above. But..
[ 58.058116] aufs au_opts_parse:957:mount[3486]: unknown option errors=remount-ro
Okay, here are two other scripts that I modified to help the system run smoothly. The first is a hacked copy of the Ubuntu
/etc/init.d/checkroot.sh script, from which that error above came.
The second is a replacement for the
/etc/init.d/umountroot script to prevent similar complaints on shutdown.
You can use
diff to compare these with the originals on your system to see what parts got hacked.
Cheers