"TF.exe Properties" (or its less-deprecated version, "TF.exe info"), did not work, however, you got me headed in the right direction, and a slightly different parameter worked.

The command we were looking for was:

TF.EXE WORKFOLD

That's the command to display all working folder mappings that the user has in TFS. Works perfectly, gets me exactly the information I wanted.

THANK YOU!