Well, with no context, either choice numbers one or two is correct.


Interesting. I had been wondering if it's possible to achieve the meaning of (b) in such a passive construct (with a suitable context).


I think what the author really means to say is that both movements were insigated by literary fiction, assuming there are any ``movements'' to have been instigated. (Edit: And even then, it's stupid. Of course a literary movement is insigated by writing. I suppose you could have such a movement insigated by thought about the movement -- Pre-Raphaelitism comes to mind as an example -- but that would be the exception, and not the rule.)


Good point. I will bring up the topic again next week. *sighs* I wish my instructor(s) were as knowledgeable as the folks on here.
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_______ Thomas