I'm an ADSL Coach here in the UK. That means I deal with all the people who scream to OFCOM or the CEO's office about not being able to get ADSL.
Here in the UK we don't measure line length, we measure line loss in dB, currently it's set at 65dB, that is about 5.8-6km on most lines, anything after 45dB is RADSL wich means the Upstream bandwidth can drop to 128k, but on most lines stays at 256.
It's unlikley that your telco will show you any plans for their network, for security reasons. Here in the UK we have a half way point in the network, most of the time each cable feeding this has a different dB loss, this is why two neighbors can have different results.
It's my job to sort these problems out, although some people are just too far away, just ask boxer
Cheers
Cris.