What the hell are "anti-submarine" seats?!

I can answer this one since I work in automotive safety & crashworthiness. This is simply a seat designed to keep your butt planted in it during a frontal crash. A "normal" car seat will allow your body to begin slipping forward and under the lap belt from a frontal crash hence the term "submarining". Most seats these days have this aspect built in from the start since it is an easy way to improve frontal crash performance from an occupant standpoint.