Yes, but the US terms are almost never used over here. You would just about never refer to a car as a auto-mobile or a vehicle, you'd always say car.
If we borrowed our car related terms from the US, you'd expect that we would regularly use all the variations. Given that we pretty much just use the single word for each thing in the UK, it seems more likely that those variants were ones that started here.
it's interesting to note that while
automobile,
vehicle, and
car each are used in the US to designate (for most intents and purposes) the same means of conveyance, their use is not exactly interchangeable.
Car is very much the casual, standard term ("I bought a car").
Automobile is a more esoteric descriptor hearkening back to the roots of the era (The Automobile Industry, Automobile Insurance company).
Vehicle is used often in 'precision language' (official descriptions of incidents, or directions given by authority figures).
Auto is also used regularly, but typically as an adjective- a shortening of Automobile (Auto Parts, Auto Service)
/observations of a layman
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